A Symbiosis of Access: Proliferating STEM PhD Training in the U.S. from 1920–2010     

Fernandez  Frank  Baker  David P.  Fu  Yuan-Chih  Muñoz  Ismael G.  Ford  Karly Sarita 《Minerva》2021,59(1):79-98

Minerva - Over the course of the 20th century, unprecedented growth in scientific discovery was fueled by broad growth in the number of university-based scientists. During this period the American...  相似文献   

Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing     

Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley  Marilyn Cyr  Megan C. Finsaas  Jonathan Orawe  Anna Huang  Nim Tottenham  Daniel N. Klein 《Child development》2020,91(1):110-128

Seventy-nine 3-year olds and their mothers participated in a laboratory-based task to assess maternal hostility. Mothers also reported their behavioral regulation of their child. Seven years later, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while viewing emotional faces and completing a reward processing task. Maternal hostility predicted more negative amygdala connectivity during exposure to sad relative to neutral faces with frontal and parietal regions as well as more negative left ventral striatal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback with the right posterior orbital frontal cortex and right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, maternal regulation predicted enhanced cingulo-frontal connectivity during monetary gain relative to loss feedback. Results suggest parenting is associated with alterations in emotion and reward processing circuitry 7–8 years later.  相似文献   

Tracking user-role evolution via topic modeling in community question answering     

Chaogang Fu 《Information processing & management》2019,56(6):102075

Community question answering (CQA) services that enable users to ask and answer questions are popular on the internet. Each user can simultaneously play the roles of asker and answerer. Some work has aimed to model the roles of users for potential applications in CQA. However, the dynamic characteristics of user roles have not been addressed. User roles vary over time. This paper explores user representation by tracking user-role evolution, which could enable several potential applications in CQA, such as question recommendation. We believe this paper is the first to track user-role evolution and investigate its influence on the performance of question recommendation in CQA. Moreover, we propose a time-aware role model (TRM) to effectively track user-role evolution. With different independence assumptions, two variants of TRM are developed. Finally, we present the TRM-based approach to question recommendation, which provides a mechanism to naturally integrate the user-role evolution with content relevance between the answerer and the question into a unified probabilistic framework. Experiments using real-world data from Stack Overflow show that (1) the TRM is valid for tracking user-role evolution, and (2) compared with baselines utilizing role based methods, our TRM-based approach consistently and significantly improves the performance of question recommendation. Hence, our approach could enable several potential applications in CQA.  相似文献   

科技信息的污染与控制   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

傅建祥 《编辑学报》2001,13(5):263-265

科技信息污染直接造成科技活动在人、财、物上的浪费，延误科技发展的进程，影响我国科技信息在国际上的地位，同时，对于提高民族素质有极大的危害。科技信息污染的控制主要靠科技编辑强烈的责任心和过硬的业务本领，也要借助于与数据检索库相连接的计算机专家审稿系统。  相似文献   

足球训练思维能力的探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

傅珊  吴蔚  王君 《广州体育学院学报》2001,21(3):59-61

从思维和训练学的角度，对足球训练思维的特点、结构进行分析，提出足球训练思维的结构是一个包含材料、方法、呈现、结果四个因素的动态关联系统；培养新一代的青年足球教练员的足球训练思维能力，必须强化青年足球教练员足球训练意识、提高其足球训练理论水平、加强其训练实践和科学研究的能力。  相似文献   

复合模糊神经网络在故障诊断中的应用研究     

宋彤付琼  宋保强 《上海海事大学学报》2001,22(3):101-104

对于复杂的诊断对象,本文提出了一种复合模糊神经网络结构,该神经网络结构集成了一系列模糊神经子网络,来完成故障分类任务.文中以某高温硝酸冷却系统为诊断对象,以系统故障树为设置子网的基础,建立了含有多个子网的复合模糊神经网络.仿真结果表明了这种方法的可行性和有效性.  相似文献   

社会转型期教育的认同危机     

徐萍  符宁 《南阳师范学院学报》2005,4(4):80-82

在社会转型的背景下，全球社会正处于一个重新评价和自我怀疑的时期，原来那种学校概念就差不多可以涵盖教育概念的状况已经不能满足一个多元、复杂的社会的需求。多样性是教育的必然选择。  相似文献   

近五年来我国图书馆管理研究现状分析   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

徐建华  付娇 《中国图书馆学报》2001,27(6)

从 1996— 2 0 0 0年 ,国内发表图书馆管理方面的论文近 30 0 0篇。这些论文论述比较集中的问题有 :关于图书馆管理价值的认识 ,图书馆管理理论的发展 ,图书馆管理理论的创新 ,图书馆的人本管理 ,等等。对于这些问题 ,不同论文各自阐述了不同的观点。随着图书馆研究客体的新形式———数字图书馆的出现 ,图书馆管理的观念、体制和方法 ,会有更大的变化。参考文献36。  相似文献   

Summary of an Extended Comparative Analysis on European Private Higher Education1     

Jochen Fried  Anna Glass  Bernd Baumgartl 《Higher Education in Europe》2006,31(1):3-9

In November 2005, UNESCO‐CEPES organized a conference on Private Higher Education in Europe and Quality Assurance and Accreditation from the Perspective of the Bologna Process Objectives. Thirteen country reports and a comparative analysis study were commissioned for this specific initiative. The countries included in the project were: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkey and the Ukraine. This article provides a brief summary of several main points of the comparative analysis study. The data referred to in this summary is taken solely from the sources cited in the full text study.  相似文献   

The angiogenetic effect of intramuscular administration of b-FGF and a-FGF on cardiac muscle: the influence of exercise on muscle angiogenesis     

Efthimiadou A  Asimakopoulos B  Nikolettos N  Giatromanolaki A  Sivridis E  Lialiaris TS  Papachristou DN  Kontoleon E 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(8):849-854

Although angiogenetic therapy using recombinant growth factors holds much hope for the treatment of ischaemic diseases, there are still many unanswered questions, including the method of administration, the correct dose of these factors, and the duration of the therapeutic approach. Exercise has also been suggested to induce neovascularizaiton in muscles. We evaluated the angiogenetic effects of the intramuscular administration of basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) and acidic-fibroblast growth factor (a-FGF) in rat heart, compared with rats who exercised daily. In conclusion, both the intramuscular administration of b-FGF and exercise increased significantly angiogenesis in the heart in contrast to the intramuscular administration of a-FGF, which was ineffective.  相似文献